Madrona, Pacific madrone, Pacific Madrone

Arbutus menziesii

Physical Characteristics

Arbutus menziesii is an evergreen Tree growing to 15 m (49ft) by 15 m (49ft) at a medium rate. See above for USDA hardiness. It is hardy to UK zone 7. It is in leaf all year, in flower from April to May, and the seeds ripen in October. The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs) and is pollinated by Bees. The plant is self-fertile. Suitable for: light (sandy) and medium (loamy) soils and prefers well-drained soil. Suitable pH: mildly acid soils and can grow in very acid soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It prefers dry or moist soil.

Distribution

Western N. America - British Columbia to California.

Habitats

Woodland Garden Secondary; Sunny Edge; Dappled Shade;

Edible Uses

Edible Parts: Fruit Edible Uses: Like its relatives, the red bumpy berries are edible when ripe, though large quantities may cause nausea. They are sweet but somewhat bland, soft-seeded, and easy to process into flour, cider, wine, or preserves. Pacific madrone fruits were widely used by Native American groups in its range, often eaten fresh, dried, or brewed into beverages [2-3]. Edibility rating: 3/5 – Palatable fruits, significant ethnobotanical history, but modest flavor [2-3]. Fruit - raw or cooked[2, 92, 105, 161, 183]. A bland taste[229]. Very sour according to another report[226]. After boiling the fruit can be dried for later use[183]. The fruit is about 15mm in diameter[200].

Medicinal Uses

Astringent Miscellany Stomachic Vulnerary The leaves are stomachic and vulnerary[168, 257]. They can be used in the treatment of stomach ache and cramps, colds etc[257]. The leaves can be applied as a poultice to burns[257]. The bitter principles in the bark and leaves can be used as an astringent[229]. An infusion of the bark has been used in the treatment of diabetes and externally to treat sores, cuts and wounds[257]. It has also been used as a gargle for sore throats[257].

Known Hazards

None known