Bitternut, Bitternut hickory, Swamp Hickory

Carya cordiformis

Physical Characteristics

Carya cordiformis is a deciduous Tree growing to 25 m (82ft) by 15 m (49ft) at a slow rate. See above for USDA hardiness. It is hardy to UK zone 4. It is in leaf from June to October, in flower from April to May, and the seeds ripen in October. The species is monoecious (individual flowers are either male or female, but both sexes can be found on the same plant) and is pollinated by Wind. The plant is self-fertile. Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils. Suitable pH: mildly acid, neutral and basic (mildly alkaline) soils. It cannot grow in the shade. It prefers moist soil.

Distribution

Eastern N. America - Maine to Quebec and south to Florida.

Habitats

Woodland Garden Canopy;

Edible Uses

Edible Parts: Oil Seed Edible Uses: Oil Seed - raw or cooked[161, 177]. Thin shelled but bitter and astringent[82, 183]. Even squirrels tend to pass it over[226]. The seed is about 3cm long[229]. The seed ripens in late autumn and, when stored in its shell in a cool place, will keep for at least 6 months[K].

Medicinal Uses

Antirheumatic Diuretic Laxative The oil from the seeds has been used in the treatment of rheumatism[226]. The bark is diuretic and laxative[257].

Known Hazards

None known