Yellowroot

Xanthorhiza simplicissima

Physical Characteristics

Xanthorhiza simplicissima is a deciduous Shrub growing to 1 m (3ft 3in) by 3 m (9ft) at a fast rate. See above for USDA hardiness. It is hardy to UK zone 6. It is in flower from March to April. The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs). Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils. Suitable pH: mildly acid soils. It can grow in full shade (deep woodland) semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It prefers moist or wet soil.

Distribution

Eastern N. America - New York to West Virginia and south to Florida and Alabama.

Habitats

Woodland Garden Sunny Edge; Dappled Shade; Shady Edge; not Deep Shade; Ground Cover;

Edible Uses

None known

Medicinal Uses

Antihaemorrhoidal Astringent Stomachic Tonic The root is astringent and a blood tonic[222]. A tea made from the roots is used to treat mouth ulcers[213], stomach ulcers, colds, jaundice etc[222, 257]. An infusion of the roots has also been used to treat piles, though the report does not specify if it is used internally or externally[257]. Some caution is advised in the use of this plant, see the notes above on toxicity. The root contains the alkaloid 'berberine' which is used for its tonic properties and for digestive disorders[213]. Berberine is anti-inflammatory, astringent, haemostatic, antispasmodic, immuno-stimulant, uterine tonic and antimicrobial[222]. It stimulates the secretion of bile and bilirubin and may be helpful in correcting high tyramine levels in people with liver cirrhosis[222].

Known Hazards

The root, when taken in high doses, is potentially toxic[222].