Scarlet Haw, Scarlet hawthorn

Crataegus pedicellata

Physical Characteristics

Crataegus pedicellata is a deciduous Shrub growing to 7 m (23ft) by 7 m (23ft). See above for USDA hardiness. It is hardy to UK zone 5 and is not frost tender. It is in flower from April to May, and the seeds ripen in October. The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs) and is pollinated by Midges. Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and can grow in heavy clay soil. Suitable pH: mildly acid, neutral and basic (mildly alkaline) soils and can grow in very alkaline soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It prefers moist or wet soil and can tolerate drought. The plant can tolerates strong winds but not maritime exposure. It can tolerate atmospheric pollution.

Distribution

Northeastern N. America - Connecticut to Ontario, Illinois and Pennsylvania. Naturalized in Britain.

Habitats

Woodland Garden Secondary; Sunny Edge; Dappled Shade;

Edible Uses

Edible Parts: Fruit Edible Uses: Fruit - raw or cooked[K]. A very variable species, especially in its fruit which ranges considerable in size and quality[K]. Up to 10mm long and pear shaped, the flesh is sweet but dry and mealy[200]. Another report says that the fruit is up to 20mm in diameter[235] and we have often seen fruits this size, or even a bit larger[K]. We find the fruits of the best forms to have an excellent flavour and juicy texture when fully ripe, but with a hint of bitterness before then[K]. They are one of the later members of this genus to ripen their fruit[K]. The fruit can be used in making pies, preserves, etc, and can also be dried for later use. There are up to five fairly large seeds in the centre of the fruit, these often stick together and so the effect is of eating a cherry-like fruit with a single seed[K].

Medicinal Uses

Cardiotonic Hypotensive Although no specific mention has been seen for this species, the fruits and flowers of many hawthorns are well-known in herbal folk medicine as a heart tonic and modern research has borne out this use. The fruits and flowers have a hypotensive effect as well as acting as a direct and mild heart tonic[222]. They are especially indicated in the treatment of weak heart combined with high blood pressure[222]. Prolonged use is necessary for it to be efficacious[222]. It is normally used either as a tea or a tincture[222].

Known Hazards

None known