Garland Crab, Sweet crab apple

Malus coronaria

Physical Characteristics

Malus coronaria is a deciduous Tree growing to 7 m (23ft) by 7 m (23ft). See above for USDA hardiness. It is hardy to UK zone 4 and is not frost tender. It is in flower from May to June, and the seeds ripen from October to November. The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs) and is pollinated by Insects. It is noted for attracting wildlife. Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils, prefers well-drained soil and can grow in heavy clay soil. Suitable pH: mildly acid, neutral and basic (mildly alkaline) soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It prefers moist or wet soil.

Distribution

Eastern N. America - New York to South Carolina, west to Kansas.

Habitats

Woodland Garden Secondary; Sunny Edge; Dappled Shade; Bog Garden;

Edible Uses

Edible Parts: Fruit Edible Uses: Pectin Fruit - raw or cooked[159, 161]. Fairly large, it is up to 5cm in diameter[200]. Harsh and acid[11], it is mainly used for jellies[183] but can be eaten raw when it is fully ripe[101]. The fruits can be buried in the ground overwinter and will have lost much of their acidity by the spring[183]. The fruit can also be dried and stored for later use[257]. Rich in pectin, so it can be added to pectin-low fruits when making jams or jellies[226]. Pectin is also said to protect the body against radiation[201].

Medicinal Uses

Abortifacient Astringent Birthing aid Emmenagogue Lithontripic Ophthalmic An infusion of the bark has been used to ease a difficult birth and also in the treatment of gallstones, piles and as a wash for sore mouths[257]. A cold infusion of the bark has been used as a wash for black eyes, sore eyes and snow blindness[257]. A decoction of the root has been used to treat suppressed menses and so can cause an abortion, especially early in the pregnancy[257].

Known Hazards

All members of this genus contain the toxin hydrogen cyanide in their seeds and possibly also in their leaves, but not in their fruits. Hydrogen cyanide is the substance that gives almonds their characteristic taste but it should only be consumed in very small quantities. Apple seeds do not normally contain very high quantities of hydrogen cyanide but, even so, should not be consumed in very large quantities. In small quantities, hydrogen cyanide has been shown to stimulate respiration and improve digestion, it is also claimed to be of benefit in the treatment of cancer. In excess, however, it can cause respiratory failure and even death.