Dwarf Almond

Prunus besseriana

Physical Characteristics

Prunus besseriana is a deciduous Tree. The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs) and is pollinated by Insects. Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and prefers well-drained soil. Suitable pH: mildly acid, neutral and basic (mildly alkaline) soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It prefers moist soil.

Distribution

Europe to W. Asia.

Habitats

Woodland Garden Sunny Edge;

Edible Uses

Edible Parts: Fruit Oil Seed Edible Uses: Condiment Oil Fruit[177, 183]. No more details are given. The fruit contains a single large seed. An edible oil is obtained from the seed[183]. It is similar in flavour and quality, though a little inferior to 'bitter almond oil'[183]. A bitter almond oil is produced from the plant[183]. (This is a separate report from the seed oil and so is probably an essential oil obtained by infusing the leaves[K]).

Medicinal Uses

Although no specific mention has been seen for this species, all members of the genus contain amygdalin and prunasin, substances which break down in water to form hydrocyanic acid (cyanide or prussic acid). In small amounts this exceedingly poisonous compound stimulates respiration, improves digestion and gives a sense of well-being[238].

Known Hazards

Although no specific mention has been seen for this species, it belongs to a genus where most, if not all members of the genus produce hydrogen cyanide, a poison that gives almonds their characteristic flavour. This toxin is found mainly in the leaves and seed and is readily detected by its bitter taste. It is usually present in too small a quantity to do any harm but any very bitter seed or fruit should not be eaten. In small quantities, hydrogen cyanide has been shown to stimulate respiration and improve digestion, it is also claimed to be of benefit in the treatment of cancer. In excess, however, it can cause respiratory failure and even death.